Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has （ ）the quality of the program.
A.lessened B.declined C.affected D.effected
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Water is the giver and, at the same time, the taker of life. It covers most of the surface of the planet we live on and features large in the development of the human race. On present predictions, it is a cement that is set to assume even greater significance.Throughout history, water has had a huge impact on our lives. Humankind has always had a rather ambiguous relationship with water, on the one hand receiving enormous benefit from it, not just as a drinking source, but as a provider of food and a means whereby to travel and to trade. But forced to live close to water in order to survive and to develop, the relationship has not always been peaceful or beneficial. In fact, it has been quite the contrary. What has essentially been a necessity for survival was turned out in many instances to have a very destructive and life-threatening side.Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once lush and fertile are now barren; lakes and rivers that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our native wonder when faced with the forces of nature.Today, we are more aware of climatic changes around the world. Floods in far-flung places are instant news for the whole world. Perhaps these events make us feel better as we face the destruction of our own property by floods and other natural disasters.In 2002, many parts of Europe suffered severe flood damage running into billions of euros. Properties across the continent collapsed into the sea as waves pounded the coastline wreaking havoc with sea defenses. But it was not just the seas. Rivers swollen by heavy rains and by the effects of deforestation carried large volumes of water that wrecked many communities.Building stronger and more sophisticated river defenses against flooding is the expensive short-term answer. There are simpler ways. Planting trees in highland areas, not just in Europe but in places like the Ganges Delta, is a cheaper and more attractive solution. Progress is already being made in convincing countries that the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is causing considerable damage to the environment. But more effort is needed in this direction.And the future? If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2025. But for a growing number of regions of the world the future is already with us. While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of water in many other places is causing conflict. The state of Texas in the United States of America is suffering a shortage of water with the Rio Grande failing to reach the Gulf of Mexico for the first time in 50 years in the spring of 2002, pitting region against region as they vie for water sources. With many parts of the globe running dry through drought and in
In our society the unwritten rules of communication discourage the direct expression of emotions. Count the number of genuine emotional expressions you hear over a two-or-three-day period and you’ll discover that emotional expressions are rare. People are generally comfortable making statements of fact and often delight in expressing their opinions, but they rarely disclose how they feel.Not surprisingly, the emotions that people do share directly are usually positive. For example, one study of married couples revealed that the partners shared flattering feelings of face-saving ones. They also willingly disclosed both positive and negative feelings about absent third parties. On the other hand, the husbands and wives rarely expressed face-threatening feelings of hostility.Surprisingly, social rules even discourage too much expression of positive feelings. A hug and kiss for Mother is all right, though a young man should shake hands with Dad. Affection toward friends becomes less and less frequent as we grow older, so that even a simple statement such as “I like you” is seldom heard between adults.A review of research on emotional expression supports the cultural stereotype of the non-emotional male and the more emotional female. As a group, women are more likely than men to express their emotions. They are better at distinguishing between related feelings such as liking and loving, and they are more likely to have more affectionate relationships than men. Of course, these gender differences are statistical average, and there are many men and women who do not fall into these types.1.What is the main ides of this passage?2.People avoid expressing their feelings directly because（）3.Which of the following statements do people tend to express?4.That “Women are better than men in expressing feelings” is（）5.According to the passage, it is surprising that（）
A.Both adults and children seldom expose their feelings and opinions. B.Society is the real cause of people’s less expression of their affection. C.People like to talk freely behind a third person. D.Women are more open than men in expressing their feelings.
问题2：
A.they have no time over a two-or-three-day period B.they feel timid to do so C.they prefer facts to feelings D.they feel uneasy when they disclose their inner world
问题3：
A.Your hairstyle is good, but the color does not suit your skin. B.How should he have left the room in such a mess! C.I’m sorry to say I can’t love you any more. D.It is silly of you to have given up this chance.
问题4：
A.a complete cultural stereotype B.proven by research C.the traditional prejudice D.the key to social problems
问题5：
A.women are more expressive than men B.husbands and wives tend to please each other C.people are socially discouraged from expressing their positive feelings D.people feel comfortable to disclose their negative feelings
Despite his disappointing record this year, I（）feel that he is the best man we have in the department.
A.none the less B.not any the less C.all the less D.so much the less
Change—or the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environment—is essential to evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself. He can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can not adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement backward, which is decay and deterioration.In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide (without insisting that its path is the only one), it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward, and thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol (偶像、崇拜)of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure. The better course is to accept the help which tradition can give but, realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.1.The author maintains that if we want to get along with the world( ) .2.The farmer's case in Para. 1 is given as an example of( ).3.“The hunter and the nervous hostess” in Para. 2 are referring to people who( )4.The author warns us that（）5.This passage manly discusses the relationship between（）
A.industry must be developed at the expense of farmland B.farmers must try to get some job training C.trade and defense are essential D.change is indispensable
问题2：
A.the trend of economic development B.the course of human evolution C.the need of adaptability D.the importance of social change
问题3：
A.are ignorant and uninformed B.are well aware of custom's limitations C.become an obstacle on the path of progress D.constitute the force for good
问题4：
A.it is misleading to accept tradition as a guide B.excessive devotion to tradition may bring us troubles C.we must accept the guidance tradition offers us D.tradition is obstacle lying on the path of change
问题5：
A.industry and agriculture B.evil tradition and good tradition C.man and the changing world D.tradition and change
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910, he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow such a story, Griffith persisted and experimented as well with other elements which have become standard ever since.Besides developing the cinema's language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early movies included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatment of social issues. As his success mounted, his ambitions grew. When he made a new movie in 1911, he insisted that a subject of importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. One of his movies reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running time. Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（）2.The author suggests that Griffith’s film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following except （）3.It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was （）4.It can be inferred that Griffith would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?5.The author’s attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can be best described as（）
A.discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of cinema B.describe the impact on cinema of the flashbacks and other editing innovations C.document Griffith's impact on the choice of subject matter in American films D.deplore the state of American cinema before the Griffith
问题2：
A.film editing B.