t="" plunder,="" others="" will.In most fisheries, the fishermen would make more money by husbanding their resource, and it should be possible to incentivize them to do so. The best way is to give them a defined, long-term right to a share of the fish. In regulated industrial fisheries, as in Iceland, New Zealand and America, this has taken the form of a tradable, individual share of a fishing quota. Developing countries, where law enforcement is weak, seem to do better when a group right over an expanse of water is given to a cooperative or village fleet. The principle is the same: fishermen who feel like owners are more likely to behave as responsible stewards. The new statistical study confirms that rights-based fisheries are generally healthier.Yet only a few hundred of the ocean's thousands of fisheries are run this way, mainly because such schemes are hard to get right. Limiting access to a common resource creates losers, and therefore discord. Cultural differences affect success rates ; not everyone is as law-abiding as Icelanders. Almost everywhere it takes time to convince fishermen, the last hunter-gatherers, to change their habits. But, barnacled by caveats though it may be, the rights-based approach is the best available.In rich countries, satellite imagery will increasingly help, by making monitoring cheaper and better. In many poor ones, devolution is making it easier to form local organizations. Another promising idea is to incorporate rights-based fisheries with no-catch zones. These safeguard breeding-stocks and are easier to monitor than individual catches. Where stocks are recovering, as a result of these reforms, fishermen are likelier to see scientifically determined quotas as in their self-interest. In the end, that may be the only hope.'>

Fishing and RightsAcidification, warming, the destruction of coral reefs: the biggest problems facing the sea are as vast, deep and seemingly intractable as the oceans themselves. So long as the world fails to cut its emissions of greenhouse gases, cause of the global warming behind these troubles, they will grow. By comparison, overfishing, another great cause, should be easier to put right, especially in the coastal waters where most fishing occurs. And yet it goes on, year after year.Fishermen have every reason to do something. Many fisheries are hurtling towards collapse ; stocks of large fish have been reduced by up to 90% . When stocks are overfished, they yield a smaller catch. The cost of mismanagement, in lost economic output, is huge: some $ 50 billion a year, according to the World Bank.One reason why the pillage continues is that knowledge of fish stocks is poor, especially in developing countries. A new statistical attempt at estimating the remaining shoals, from University of California, Santa Barbara, is therefore welcome— even if that is not true of its findings that stocks are even more ravaged than previously thought. The study found that better understood fisheries are likelier to be healthy. Another reason for overfishing is new technology ( developed, aptly enough, forbattlefields), which makes shoals easier to detect. As large boats and refrigeration have spread, fishing fleets have covered greater distances and hovered up larger catches. Because technology lets fishermen fish with less effort, it disguises just how fast the stocks are depleting.Fishermen generally understand the risks of overfishing. Yet still they flout quotas, where they exist. That is often because they take a short-term view of the asset—they would rather cash in now and invest the money in something else. And it is invariably compounded by a commons-despoiling feeing that if they don't plunder, others will.In most fisheries, the fishermen would make more money by husbanding their resource, and it should be possible to incentivize them to do so. The best way is to give them a defined, long-term right to a share of the fish. In regulated industrial fisheries, as in Iceland, New Zealand and America, this has taken the form of a tradable, individual share of a fishing

Education is one of the key, words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modem states ‘invest’, in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so care fully worked out, punctuated by text-books—those purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and birth; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology,, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally, equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modem education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be, applied to peoples without a script while our own compulsory school attendance became law in necessary in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows bow long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure thin all on knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child.1. The best title for this passage is（） .2.The word "interest" in paragraph one means （）.3.The author seems（） .4.The passage implies that （）.5.According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?

A.The Significance of Education B.Educational Investment and Its Returns C.Education: A Comparison of Its Past and Its Present D.Education in the Wilderness
问题2：
A.capital profit got back from the investment B.the things young people are interested in C.the well-educated and successful young men and women D.the well-educated young people with leadership potential
问题3：
A.against the education in the very early historic times B.positive about our present educational instruction C.in favor of the educational practice in primitive cultures D.quite happy to see an equal start for everyone
问题4：
A.some families now can hardly afford to send their children to school B.everyone today has an equal opportunity in education C.every, country invests heavily in education D.we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not
问题5：
A.One without education today has no opportunities. B.We have not yet decided on our education models. C.Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries now. D.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.

At a press conference after the award ceremony the 18-year-old girl spoke in a barely（ ）voice.

A.audible B.optional C.legible D.identical

I don’t think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not（ ）to do that type of work.

A.compatible B.convenient C.consistent D.competent

Since the situation is changing, let’s take some（ ）measures to deal with it.

A.available B.changeable C.considerable D.flexible

s="" finest="" minds="" believe="" our="" futures="" will="" be.For those of us lucky enough to live that long, 2056 will be a world of almost perpetual youth, where obesity is a remote memory and robots become our companions.We will be rubbing shoulders with aliens and colonizing outer space. Better still, our descendants might at last live in a world at peace with itself. The prediction is that we will have found a source of inexhaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war-our dependence on oil and religious prejudice.Will we really, as today's scientist's claim, be able to live for ever or at least cheat the ageing process so that the average person lives to 150?Of course, all these predictions come with a scientific health warning. Harvard professor Steven Pinker says: “This is an invitation to look foolish, as with the predictions of domed cities and nuclear-powered vacuum cleaners that were made 50 year ago.”Living longerAnthony Attala, director of the Wake Forest Institute in North Carolina, believes failing organs will be repaired by injecting cells into the body. They will naturally to straight to the injury and help heal it. A system of injections without needles could also slow the ageing process by using the same process to “tune” cells.Bruce Lehn, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the ability to produce” unlimited supplies” of transplantable human organs without the needed a new organ, such as kidney, the surgeon would contact a commercial organ producer, give him the patient's immune-logical profile and would then be sent a kidney with the correct tissue type.These organs would be entirely composed of human cells, grown by introducing them into animal hosts, and allowing them to develop into and organ in place of the animal's own. But Prof. Lehn believes that farmed brains would be “off limits”. He says: “Very few people would want to have their brains replaced by someone else's and we probably don't want to put a human braining an animal body.”Richard Miller, a professor at the University of Michigan, thinks scientist could develop” an then tic anti-ageing drugs” by working out how cells in larger animals such as whales and human resist many forms of injuries. He says:” It's is now routine, in laboratory mammals, to extend lifespan by about 40%. Turning on the same protective systems in people should, by 2056, create the first class of 100-year-olds who are as vigorous and productive as today's people in their 60s”AliensConlin Pillinger, professor of planetary sciences at the Open University, says:”I fancy that at least we will be able to show that life did start to evolve on Mars well as Earth.” Within 50years he hopes scientists will prove that alien life came here in Martian meteorites（隅石）.Chris McKay, a planetary scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center. Believes that in 50 years we may find evidence of alien life in ancient permanent forts of Mars or on other planers.He adds:” There is even a chance we will find alien life forms here on Earth. It might be as different as English is to Chinese.Princeton professor Freeman Dyson thinks it “likely” that life form outer space will be discovered deform 2056 because the tools for finding it, such as optical and radio detection and data processing, are improving.He says:”As soon as the first evidence is found, we will know what to look for and additional discoveries is likely to follow quickly. Such discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology, astronomy and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the universe.Colonies in spaceRichard Gott professor of astrophysics at Princeton, hopes man will set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, which would be a “life insurance policy against whatever catastrophes, natural or otherwise, might occur on Earth.“The real space race is whether we will colonies off Earth on to other worlds before money for the space programmed runs