“预定论”认为，个人对于改变自己的命运无能为力，这就在新教徒的内心深处产生了强烈的紧张和焦虑，教徒只能以世俗职业上的成就来确定上帝对自己的恩宠并以此证明上帝的存在。创造出财富成了一种神圣的“天职”，世俗经济活动的成功不是为了创造可供个人享受和挥霍的财富，而是为了证实上帝对自己的恩宠。这一宗教伦理导致了勤勉刻苦的商人美德，商业也被商人们视为一桩向着上帝的严肃事业。这种理论似乎可以部分地解释，何以美国的大商人也都是大慈善家。

对文段中“预定论”的理解不正确的一项是（）。

A．资本主义精神的产生是与新教伦理分不开的

B．新教徒致力于创造财富是因为个人对于改变自己命运的无能为力

C．金钱、资本等物质性的东西本身不是商人追求的终极性价值

D．宗教伦理支配着商人们的心灵

在中国，基督教新教徒对其所信奉之神译称为“上帝”，天主教则译作“天主”。

A、对

B、错

By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants （新教徒）lived to America. Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony. Already they had begun to influence each other. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.At the same time the works of John Locke were becoming known in America. John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “social contract” voluntarily entered into by free people. The Puritan experience in forming congregations made this idea seem natural to many Americans. Taking it out of the realm of social theory, they made it a reality and formed a nation.It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans’ minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however, that, as the Declaration of Independence states，” all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights,” and that “the laws of Nature and Nature’s God” entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion.The First Amendment （修正案）to the Constitution of the United States forbade new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or otherwise of religion. The United States would have no state-supported religion in this way, those men who formulated the principal tenets of the newly established political system hoped to insure that diversity of religion belief should never become the source of social or political injustice or disaffection.The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens. But did it mean that government would be religiously neutral, treating all religions alike?In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes to the United States Presidents and other political leaders often call on God to bless the American nation and people. Those whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers. But government does not pay ministers salaries or require any belief-not even a belief in God - as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead.The truth is that for some purposes government ignores religion and for other purposed it treats all religions alike at least as far as is practical. When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them.1.What is the Great Awakening?2.What controlled Americans’ minds during the War of Independence?3.（ ） entitled Americans to have the freedom of religion.4. In the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, it is stipulated that5.Which of the following is the proof that the government ignores religion in some ways?

世界银行把任何民间组织都称为非政府组织，只要它的目的是()

A.救贫济困

B.维护穷人利益

C.保护环境

D.提供基本社会服务或促进社区发展

E.吸引新教徒