But McConnell Moore has always drawn great strength from such cartoonish （ ）, which he collects and then displays on his Senate office wall.

A.applauses B.vituperations C.condemns D.appraisals

Although Johnson’s and Smith’s initial fascination with the fortunes of those jockeying for power in the law firm （ ）after a few months, the two paid sufficient attention to determine who their lunch partners should be.

A.revived B.persisted C.intensified D.flagged

Read the following short paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.

我确信，在这个世界上有许多令人惊喜的事情，有某种比惊喜深刻得多的东西，某种持久而有意义的东西。那些生活在地球上美和神奇的东西之间的人们，不管他是作为科学家的成人还是非科学家的孩子，永远不会孤单或对生活感到厌倦；无论他们的个人生活有什么问题和忧虑，他们的思想都能找到通往内心的满足和对生活重燃激情的途径。那些凝视地球之美的人能找到它们终身受用的力量储备。他们看到在鸟类的迁徙中，在潮水的涨落之中，既有着具体的惊奇，更有着深遂的美。在大自然的反反复复循坏中，有一种具备无限治愈力的东西，黑暗过去是黎明，冬天过后是春天这一永恒的保障。

To test the （ ）of borrowing from one field of study to enrich another, simply investigate the extent to which terms from the one may, without forcing, be utilized by the other.

A.universality B.rate C.decorum D.efficacy

The recent debate on acid rain is again setting environmentalist head to head against industry. But this time, a curious philosophy has emerged in Washington that says the more we know about a problem, the more uncertainty is introduced and the more it needs to be studied. As a result, we know more about acid rain and its effects, than ever before, but it seems a regulatory solution has never been further away.Researchers generally agree that acid rain arises primarily from the burning of coal and oil. The emissions contain oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, which can be carried hundreds of miles on the prevailing westerly winds. They eventually return to earth as dry gases and particulates and react with ground waters to form nitric or sulfuric acid. They may also be converted to the acids in the atmosphere by chemical processes that are still not fully understood.However, the acids are formed, they have already been charged with a substantial list of damages. Corrosion of metal structures in windward areas of the country has been well- documented, but it is a relatively minor entry on the list. Other forms of damage are far more insidious and longer-lasting. There is evidence, for example, that the acids leach heavy metals —aluminum, lead, and mercury — from the soil, which then poison plant roots and deprive them of vital nutrients. In lakes and rivers, the acid alters the blood chemistry in fish. The metals, meanwhile, irreversibly damage the gill systems of certain species, such as bass and walleye. As the concentration of poison rises, egg hatching is reduced and the number of deformed embryos increases.The effects of acid rain are more severe in the eastern part of the country for two reasons. First, most coal burning occurs in Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana, according to Eville Gorham, professor of ecology and botany at the University of Minnesota and a modern pioneer in the study of acid rain. These states produce about a quarter of all U.S. oxide emissions, he told this year’s American Chemical Society meeting in Las Vegas and the airborne particulates tend to wind up in the Northeast.The second reason is the varying chemical makeup of North American soils, Western soils are relatively rich in neutralizing compounds like magnesium and calcium carbonates, but the coarse, shallow eastern soils have much less of this buffering capacity. Together, these factors explain what Gorham calls a “pool of acid air pollution” over the Northeast that is strongly suspected of having killed or injured aquatic life in more than 200 lakes in New York’s Adirondack region.1.According to the passage, acid rain （ ）.2.The author implies that （ ）.3.The damaging effects of acid rain are felt less in the West because （ ）.4.The LEAST serious problem caused by acid rain is the（ ）.

A.leads to birth defects in fish B.is hallucinogenic C.travels in a westerly direction D.adds minerals to the soil
问题2：
A.legislators are philosophical B.bureaucrats seemingly prefer discussion to action C.awareness of a problem is futile D.acid rain is a debatable phenomenon
问题3：
A.elements in western soil neutralize the acid B.the western states produce one-fourth of all American emissions of sulfur oxides C.the Adirondack region is in upstate New York D.eastern soil is rich in magnesium
问题4：
A.leaching of heavy metals from the soil B.alteration of blood chemistry in fish C.poisoning of plant roots D.corrosion of metal structures

Until about five years ago, the very idea that peptide hormones might be made anywhere in the brain besides the hypothalamus was astounding- Peptide hormones, scientists thought, were made by endocrine glands and the hypothalamus was thought to be the brains’ only endocrine gland. What is more, because peptide hormones cannot cross the blood-brain barrier; researchers believed that they never got to any part of the brain other than the hypothalamus, where they were simply produced and then released into the bloodstream.But these beliefs about peptide hormones were questioned as laboratory after laboratory found that antiserums to peptide hormones, when injected into the brain, bind in places other than the hypothalamus, indicating that either the hormones or substances that cross-react with the antiserums are present. The immunological method of detecting peptide hormones by means of antiserums, however, is imprecise. Cross-reactions are possible, and this method cannot determine whether the substances detected by the antiserums really are the hormones, or merely close relatives. Furthermore this method cannot be used to determine the location in the body where the detected substances are actually produced.New techniques of molecular biology, however, provide a way to answer these questions. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (CDNA’s) that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s (mRNA’s) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones, the cells will contain these mRNA’s. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them, then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s, but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones. The cells containing these mRNA’s can then be isolated and their mRNA’s decoded to determine just what their protein products are and how closely the products resemble the true peptide hormones.The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. Roberts, expressing the sentiment of many researchers, states: “I was trained as an endocrinologist. But it became clear to me that the field of endocrinology needed molecular biology input. The process of grinding out protein purifications is just too slow.”If, as the initial tests with cDNA probes suggest, peptide hormones really are made in the brain in areas other than the hypothalamus, a theory must be developed that explains their function in the brain. Some have suggested that the hormones are all growth regulators, but Rosen’s work on rat brains indicates that this cannot be true. A number of other researchers propose that they might be used for intercellular communication in the brain.1.Which of the following titles best summarizes the passage?2.The passage suggests that a substance detected in brain by use of antiserums to peptide hormones may（ ）. 3.The passage implies that, in doing research on rat brains, Rosen discovered that （ ）.4.Which of the following is a way in which the immunological method of detecting peptide hormones differs from the molecular method?

A.Is Molecular Biology the Key to Understanding Intercellular Communication in the Brain? B.Molecular Biology: Can Researchers Exploit Its Techniques to Synthesize Peptide Hormones? C.The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Immunological Approach to Detecting Peptide Hormones. D.Peptide Hormones: How Scientists Are Attempting to Solve Problems of Their Detection.
问题2：
A.have been stored in the brain for a long period of time and to Understand Their Function B.play no role in the functioning of the brain C.have been produced in some part of the body other than the brain D.play an important role in the functioning of hypothalamus
问题3：
A.peptide hormones are used for intercellular communication B.complementary DNA’s do not bind to cells producing peptide hormones C.products clo