Accidents are caused; they don’t just happen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune — frustration, tiredness or just bad temper — that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea that the majority of road accidents are caused by criminally careless drivers. These show that most accidents involve ordinary drivers and motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some forty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgment. Noise, fatigue, inattention and worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors have found that those who drink too much, usually those who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents.1.This passage might be taken from（ ）.2.The writer indicates that （ ）.3.Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor of accidents?4.‘‘Accident-prone’’ (Para. 2) probably means （ ）.5.Which of the following could serve as the best title for this passage?

A.an advertisement B.a science fiction C.a popular magazine D.an annual report of a company
问题2：
A.British people are often absent minded B.doctors should work in factories to avoid accidents C.drivers are the only factor leading to road accidents D.there are always some people who fail to observe regulations
问题3：
A.anxiety B.tiredness C.bad weather D.carelessness
问题4：
A.liable to have accidents B.likely to be killed in accidents C.responsible for road accidents D.possible to avoid accidents
问题5：
A.Causes of Accidents B.Prevention of Accidents C.Results of Accidents D.Accidents and Anxiety

She covered a wide（ ）of topics in the interview.

A.extent B.range C.collection D.number

During the two years that passed between the death of his father and his establishment in London, Gibbon had made a preliminary examination of the ground that must be covered in the history of the Roman Empire which he proposed to write. As soon as he had a house to himself, he started the actual work of writing, and composed and three times rewrote the first chapter, twice patiently recasting the second and third, before he was “tolerably satisfied” with the effect he had achieved, and the flow of composition became, paragraph by paragraph, more regular and rapid. We are told that, while composing, he walked to and fro across the library, and that the whole paragraph was complete when he finally regained his chair and resorted to pen and ink. The necessary reference, which he added later, he had already jotted down on cards. A friend suspected that he was working too fast; but Gibbon reassured him; the whole works, he said, had undergone a long and elaborate process of correction and revision; his “diligence and accuracy,” he afterwards told the world, were confirmed by his conscience. Thus he awaited the day of final publicationwithout undue anxiety. During February, 1775, the first volume of The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire appeared in the book-shops. His publishers had originally calculated on five hundred copies, but, with almost prophetic insight had increased this number to a thousand. The first edition to appear was immediately sold out, and two further editions were very soon exhausted. A great fit of fame seized on the modest author. His pride was immensely approved; but it would be idle to pretend that he was either ashamed or startled.Besides, he had still far to go. For the next eleven years, though he never retired from the world and remained an attentive, if somewhat impassive, observer of the various revolutions of society and politics, the record of Gibbon’s life is very largely the record of his work’s development, as the original scheme gradually expanded through half of dozen volumes. Than the Decline and Fall there is probably no book of equal size and scope more thoroughly filled with the characteristic quality of a single man’s intelligence. It is not that the historian makes arbitrary of unjustified attacks into the pages of his history; he has no reason to impose himself, for, in fact, he is always there—not as a figure rising inappropriately between the reader and his subject, but as an influence that colors every scene, moderates the verbal rhythm of each successive period, and links episode to episode in the same harmonious pattern.1.We learn from the passage the Gibbon（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT true as regards Gibbon’s writing methods?3.On its first appearance the History （ ）.4.The author considers that Gibbon（ ）.

A.was not satisfied with his work because he wrote too fast B.made elaborate revision to his work C.rewrote every chapter of his history D.found it necessary to rewrite the work three times
问题2：
A.Gibbon walked to and fro in the library while composing his paragraphs. B.Gibbon did not have a chair in his library at the beginning of his writing. C.When he took up his pen to write, Gibbon wrote the whole paragraph without stopping. D.While composing his work, Gibbon took down the necessary reference to be added later.
问题3：
A.was incomplete B.was undersold C.sold 3,000 copies D.greatly surprised the author
问题4：
A.made constant influence on his readers with his work B.gave a very prejudiced picture on the reader C.was himself a figure in the history he wrote D.made several experiments in literary style

About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, why?Human development is based not only on innate biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示)machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately, to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.1.According to the author, feeling depressed is（ ）.2.Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world（ ）.3.The phenomenon that today’s children seem adult like is attributed by the author to（ ）.4.Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?

A.a mental scale present in all humans, including children B.a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child C.an inevitable part of children’s mental development D.something hardly to be expected in a young child
问题2：
A.through contact with society B.through exposure to social information C.gradually and under guidance D.naturally and by biological instinct
问题3：
A.the poor arrangement of teaching content B.the widespread influence of television C.the constantly rising standard of living D.the fast pace of human intellectual development
问题4：
A.It can control what children are to learn. B.It enables children to gain more social information. C.It helps children to memorize and practice more. D.It develops children’s interest in reading and writing. 

Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven utility. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expression the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. ’’ That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense, society must get even. This can be done only by inflicting an equal injury upon him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modem times. It is illustrated when demand the death penalty for a person who has com-mitted murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to administer a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract the denial and restore the self has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own life will pay his debt. The exaction of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his true.Modem jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminal who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him, If severe punishment is the only adequate means for accomplishing this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.1.The best title for this passage is（ ）.2.Hegel would view the death sentence for murder as （ ）.3.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the （ ）.4.The punishment that would be most inconsistent with the views of corrective justice would be（ ）.

A.Fitting Punishment to the Crime B.Approaches to Just Punishment C.Improvement in Legal Justice D.Attaining Justice in the Courts
问题2：
A.inadequate justice B.an admission of not being able to cure a disease C.the best way for society to get revenge D.an inalienable birthright of the murderer
问题3：
A.type of crime that was proven B.severity of the punishment C.reason for the sentence D.outcome of the trial
问题4：
A.forced brain surgery B.flogging C.solitary confinement D.the electric chair

When confronted with these math problems, her mind tended to go（ ）could work anymore.

A.blank B.faint C.dim D.vain