The letter said that there was an ______, but I couldn’t find where it was.

A.emergency B.exposure C.enclosure D.expenditure

The psychologists were pleased that their theory had been（ ）by the new research.

For much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didn’t also signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his fourscore and one, or had he fallen victim to a pattern that seems to afflict longtime married couples; one spouse quickly following the other to the grave?Pat, Nixon’s wife of 53, died last June after a long illness. No one knows for sure whether her death contributed to his. After all, he was elderly and had a history of serious heart disease. Researchers have long observed that the death of the spouse particularly a wife is sometimes followed by the untimely death of the grieving survivor. Historian Will Durant died 13 days after his wife and collaborator, Ariel; Buckminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart. Is this more than coincidence?“Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeling us and taking care of us,” says Knul Helsing, an epidemiologist at the John Hopkins School of Public Health, “that when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We don’t know how to take care of ourselves.” In one of the several studies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowers who remarried enjoyed the same lower mortality rates as men who’d never been widowed.Women’s health and resilience may also suffer after the loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in levels of important immune-system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduced immunity in widowers.For both men and women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. “All sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened,” says Gerald Davision, professor of psychology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for example, may see it rise. In Nixon’s case, Davision speculates, “the stroke, although not caused directly by the stress, was probably hastened by it.” Depression can affect the surviving spouse’s will to live; suicide rates are elevated in the bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars.Involvement in life helps prolong it. “Mortality,” says Duke University psychiatrist Daniel Blazer, “is higher in older people without a good social-support system, who don’t feel they’re part of a group or a family, that they ‘fit in’ somewhere. And that’s more common problem for men, who tend not to have as many close friendship as women.” “The sudden absence of routines can also be a health hazard,” says Blazer. “A person who loses a spouse shows deterioration in normal habits like sleeping and eating,” he says. “They don’t have the other person to orient them, like when do you go to bed, when do you wake up, when do you eat, when do you take your medication, when do you go out to take a walk? Your pattern is no longer locked into someone else’s pattern, so it deteriorates.” While earlier studies suggested that the first six months to a year-or even first week—were times of higher mortality for the bereaved, some newer studies find no special vulnerability in this initial period. Most men and women, of course do not as a result of the loss of a spouse. And there are ways to improve the odds. A strong sense of separate identity and lack of over-dependency during the marriage are helpful. Adult sons and daughters, siblings and friends need to pay special attention to a newly widowed parent. They can make sure that he or she is socializing, getting proper nutrition and medical care, expressing emotion and above all, feeling needed and appreciated.6. It is known from the passage that Richard Nixon died at the age of ____.7. According to researchers who study bereavement, Richard Nixon’s death might be ____.8. In his research on bereavement, Helsing found that ____.9. According to the passage a spouse’s death can lead the surviving one to ____.10. It is suggested in the passage that widowers or widows suffer from th

One argument used to support the idea that employment will continue to be the dominant form of work, and that employment will eventually become available for all who want it, is that working time will continue to fall. People in jobs will work fewer hours in the day, fewer days in the week, fewer weeks in the year, and fewer years in a lifetime, than they do now. This will mean that more jobs will be available for more people. This, it is said, is the way we should set about restoring full employment.There is no doubt that something of this kind will happen. The shorter working week, longer holidays, earlier retirement, job-sharing—these and other ways of reducing the amount of time people spend on their jobs—are certainly likely to spread. A mix of part-time paid work and part-time unpaid work is likely to become a much more common work pattern than today, and a flexi-life pattern of work-involving paid employment at certain stages of life, but not at others—will become widespread. But it is surely unrealistic to assume that this will make it possible to restore full employment as the dominant form of work.In the first place, so long as employment remains the overwhelmingly important form of work and source of income for most people, it is very difficult to see how reductions in employees’ working time can take place on a scale sufficiently large and at a pace sufficiently fast to make it possible to share out the available paid employment to everyone who wants it. Such negotiations as there have recently been, for example in Britain and Germany, about the possibility of introducing a 35-hour working week, have highlighted some of the difficulties. But, secondly, if changes of this kind were to take place at a pace and on a scale sufficient to make it possible to share employment among all who wanted it, the resulting situation—in which most people would not be working in their jobs for more than two or three short days a week―could hardly continue to be one in which employment was still regarded as the only truly valid form of work. There would be so many people spending so much of their time on other activities, including other forms of useful work, that the primacy of employment would be bound to be called into question, at least to some extent.1.The author uses the negotiations in Britain and Germany as an example to（ ）.2.At the end of the passage the author seems to imply that as a result of shorter working time （ ）.3.The author’s attitude towards future full employment is generally （ ）.

Five score years ago, a great American, ______ symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

The republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly（ ）his national reputation.