I. (本题3段，每段10分) After we see an object several times, we begin to recognize it. The object is in front of us and we know about it, but we do not see it—hence, we cannot say anything significant about it. Art removes objects from the automatism of perception in several ways. Here I want to illustrate a way used repeatedly by Leo Tolstoy, that writer who, for Merezhkovsky at least, seems to present things as if he himself saw them, and saw them in their entirety, and did not alter them.
—Victor Shklovsky, Art as Technique May we really attempt to compare the imaginative writer with the “dreamer in broad daylight,” and his creations with daydreams? … One feature above all cannot fail to strike us about the creations of these story-writers: each of them has a hero who is the center of interest, for whom the writer tries to win our sympathy by every possible means and whom he seems to place under the protection of a special providence. … The feeling of security with which I follow the hero through his perilous adventures is the same as the feeling with which a hero in real life throws himself into the water to save a drowning man or exposes himself to the enemy’s fire in order to storm a battery. It is the true heroic feeling, which one of our best writers has expressed in an inimitable phrase: “Nothing can happen to me!” It seems to me, however, that through this revealing characteristic of invulnerability we can immediately recognize His Majesty the Ego, the hero alike of every daydream and of every story.—Sigmund Freud, Creative Writers and DaydreamingI call the combination of a concept and a sound-image a sign, but in current usage the term generally designates only a sound-image, a word, for example (arbor, etc.) One tends to forget that arbor is called a sign only because it carries the concept “tree,” with the result that the idea of the sensory part implies the idea of the whole.Ambiguity would disappear if the three notions involved here were designated by three names, each suggesting and opposing the others. I propose to retain the word sign to designate the whole and to replace concept and sound-image respectively by signified and signifier; the last two terms have the advantage of indicating the opposition that separates them from each other and from the whole of which they are parts.—Ferdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics
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A.compelled B.repelled C.dispelled D.propelled
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A.interpret B.intervene C.inherit D.impart
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A.exterminate B.disparage C.overwhelm D.exceed
问题2：
A.confront with B.conform to C.come across D.concentrate on
问题3：
A.insight B.achievement C.outcome D.thought
问题4：
A.behaviors B.encounters C.segregations D.opportunities
问题5：
A.direct B.help C.push D.move
问题6：
A.off B.up C.down D.on
问题7：
A.related B.lounged C.assigned D.relayed
问题8：
A.leads B.jots C.jets D.litters
问题9：
A.situation B.interface C.field D.process
问题10：
A.excellent B.ideal C.abnormal D.accomplished
问题11：
A.without B.within C.upon D.by
问题12：
A.devote B.adopt C.adapt D.suit
问题13：
A.because B.that
“Helicopter parenting" describes a style of raising children where parents are over-protective and do too much. The term was used for the first time in the late 1960s. It describes parents who hover （悬停）over their kids like a helicopter. Today, modern technology allows these helicopter parents to hover from even far away. They can give their children directions at any moment from anywhere.Author Julie Lythcott-Haims wrote a book titled How to Raise an Adult. In her book, she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style."Over-parenting”，she says, “comes in three types: the first is the over-protective parents who think the world is scary and unsafe and unpredictable. And therefore, I must protect and pre-vent. The second type is the over-directive type—the parent who says, I know best what leads to success and you will do as I say. You'll study these topics, do these activities and you will be highly achieving at all of it. The third type is the concierge （看门人）——the parent who just wants to make life smoother—from waking their kid up, to keeping track of their deadlines, to making sure they haven’t forgotten anything, to even doing the homework for the kid."Julie Lythcott-Haims says she experienced the effects of helicopter parenting firsthand when she worked as dean of first-year students at Stanford University. The incoming students were very smart and accomplished on paper. But many were unable to take care of themselves.''They were turning to parents constantly for guidance, for problem solving, to have them make the choice about something. ” Often times, Lythcott-Haims had to remind those parents that their kids were old enough to take care of themselves.1. The term “helicopter parenting”______.2. According to Lythcott-Haims, over-parenting has all the following features EXCEPT ____.3. It can be inferred that a concierge mother will______.4. In Julie's eyes, the first-year students at Stanford University are____.5. Lythcott-Haims’ attitude towards helicopter parenting is _____.
A.describes parents who give children directions in the airB.was probably invented in the late nineteenth centuryC.gains more meaning as modern technology developsD.refers to parents who concern too much about kids
问题2：A.over-directiveB.over-dependentC.over-preventiveD.over-protective
问题3：A.regard the world as very dangerousB.allow children to do whatever they likeC.keep a close eye on the kid's assignmentD.let the kid alone when he falls on the ground