氢弹之父、物理学家爱德华•特勒曾设想：向空中抛洒铝和硫的粉末，给地球降温。特勒提出的办法是要模仿大规模的火山爆发。1991年，波及范围达数百万千米的皮纳图博火山灰使地球气温下降了0.41℃，而且持续时间达好几个星期。但生物化学家们却给这种主张泼冷水，他们认为，散布于空中的这些硫和铝的微粒，很可能会严重干扰同温层。特勒还与人合作过其他使地球降温的方法：在轨道上放置5万面反射镜;发射一颗巨大的卫星，悬于地球与太阳之间，以挡住部分太阳辐射。通过以上文字我们不能得出的是()。

A.向空中抛洒铝和硫的粉末，可以给地球降温

B.火山灰的主要成分是硫和铝

C.特勒曾与人合作试验过在轨道上放置反光镜给地球降温的方法

D.爱德华•特勒为了研究给地球降温进行过仔细的研究

2.The writer states that fungi and bacteria（ ）.

3.The passage says that the biosphere（ ）.

4.According to the text, the balance of nature is（ ）.

5.The writer says that ecology is primarily concerned with the（ ）.

The biosphere is the name biologists give to the sort of skin on the surface of this planet that is inhabitable by living organisms. Most land creatures occupy only the interface between the atmosphere and the land; birds extend their range for a few hundred feet into the atmosphere: burrowing invertebrates （无脊椎动物） such as earthworms may reach a few yards into the soil but rarely penetrate farther unless, it has been recently disturbed by men. Fish cover a wider range, from just beneath the surface of the sea to those depths of greater than a mile inhabited by specialized creatures. Fungi （真菌） and bacteria are plentiful in the atmosphere to a height of about half a mile, blown there by winds from the lower air. Balloon exploration of the stratosphere （同温层） as long ago as 1936 indicated that moulds and bacteria could be found at heights of several miles, recently the USA’s National Aeronautics and Space Administration has detected them, in decreasing numbers, at heights up to eighteen miles. They are pretty sparse at such levels, about one for every two thousand cubic feet, compared with 50 to 100 per cubic foot at two to six miles (the usual altitude of jet aircraft), and they are almost certainly in an inactive state. Marine bacteria have been detected at the bottom of the deep Pacific trench, sometimes as deep as seven miles; they are certainly not inactive. Living microbes have also been obtained on land from cores of rock drilled (while prospecting for oil) at depths of as much as 1,200 feet. Thus we can say, disregarding the exploits of astronauts, that the biosphere has a maximum thickness of about twenty-five miles. Active living processes occur only within a compass of about seven miles, in the sea, on land and in the lower atmosphere, but the majority of living creatures live within a zone of a hundred feet or so. If this planet were sealed down to the size of an orange, the biosphere, at its extreme width, would occupy the thickness of the orange-colored skin, excluding the pith.In this tiny zone of our planet takes place the multitude of chemical and biological activities that we call life. The way in which living creatures interact with each other, depend on each other or compete with each other, has fascinated thinkers since the beginning of recorded history. Living things exist in a fine balance which is often taken for granted, from a practical point of view, things could not be otherwise. Yet it is a source of continual amazement to scientists because of its intricacy and delicacy. The balance of nature is obvious most often when it is disturbed. Yet even here it can seem remarkable how quickly it readjusts itself to a new balance after a disturbance. The science of ecology...the study of the interaction of organisms with their environment...has grown up to deal with the minutiae of the balance of nature.

1.According to the passage, the “biosphere” is the layer on the earth's surface（） .

2.The writer states that fungi and bacteria（ ）.

3.The passage says that the biosphere（ ）.

4.According to the text, the balance of nature is（ ）.

5.The writer says that ecology is primarily concerned with the（ ）.

有关平流层特征及卫生学意义哪一项论述是错误的

A．平流层在对流层之上

B．平流层又分两个亚层：同温层和臭氧层

C．臭氧层能吸收短波紫外线，保护人体不受短波紫外线伤害

D．同温层在臭氧层下面

E．各种气象现象都是在平流层中发生