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心脏病学

心血管核医学也称核心脏病学，是临床核医学影像的重要组成部分，其主要研究内容包括_____\_、______\_、_________以及目前正处于研究中的心肌受体分子显像等。

根据2015年的美国心脏病学杂志报道，自2004.1-2005.12入选的2046例ACS住院患者，观察其5年死亡率及MACE（主要不良心血管事件）发生率结果：无论STE-ACS还是NSTE-ACS患者，5年再发MI事件超半数发生在多长时间内？（）

A、1个月

B、3个月

C、6个月

D、1年内

核素显像与其他影像学检查方法的比较，错误的是（）。

A、核心脏病学以反映心脏功能和代谢信息

B、超声心动图能反映心脏及其大血管结构、功能，对室壁、血管及瓣膜的运动可显示和测量

C、能显示心脏大血管及周围组织器官的横段面结构是CT的主要优点

D、MRI在心肌状态显示，反映心肌频谱方面有其独特的优势

E、CT和MRI对心脏瓣膜及其运动的实时显示好于超声心动图，对心肌灌注、心肌缺血及其梗死的诊断和鉴别诊断好于核素显像

（单选题）核素显像在循环系统疾病的诊断和评价．错误的是（）。

A核素显像不仅显示脏器的形态、位置、大小等解剖性信息，更重要的是反映该脏器的生理、生化，乃至病理过程

B核心脏病学的优势主要集中在冠心病，特别是隐匿性冠心病的诊断

CPET葡萄糖心肌代谢显像对心肌存活的判断是目前该领域的"金标准"

D对先天性心血管疾病的诊断方面，首次通过法十分有效，其灵敏度和特异性均好于超声心动图

E核素显像的图像分辨率差，图像不如CT、MRI等清晰

核素显像在循环系统疾病的诊断和评价．错误的是（）。

A、核素显像不仅显示脏器的形态、位置、大小等解剖性信息，更重要的是反映该脏器的生理、生化，乃至病理过程

B、核心脏病学的优势主要集中在冠心病，特别是隐匿性冠心病的诊断

C、PET葡萄糖心肌代谢显像对心肌存活的判断是目前该领域的金标准

D、对先天性心血管疾病的诊断方面，首次通过法十分有效，其灵敏度和特异性均好于超声心动图

E、核素显像的图像分辨率差，图像不如CT、MRI等清晰

双心医学,又称为精神心脏病学,是研究心脏疾病与心理疾病相关性的学科。以下患者中,不属于双心医学范畴的是()

A、因胸闷、胸痛、心悸、气短等症状反复就诊，来往于各个医院之间，重复检查无器质性心脏病证据

B、患者有心脏病，心电图、心脏超声显示轻度异常，但精神压力重，自觉有不治之症

C、患者经冠状动脉介入治疗后，客观证据显示患者躯体功能恢复良好，但临床症状频繁发作

D、患者有心脏病，以往情绪状况良好，近期因故情绪激动突发脑梗死

E、心脏病患者，由于经济压力及临床过度检查，患者思想负担过重，导致旧病未去，又添新病

患者女性，56岁，因“血糖升高10年，加重伴血尿6日”来诊。患者10年前空腹血糖8.4mmol/L，先后服用马来酸罗格列酮片、盐酸二甲双胍片等，血糖控制不稳定。6日前出现尿频、尿急、血尿，无尿痛，感下腹痛，无发热、寒战，于当地社区医院静脉滴注左氧氟沙星5日，仍不见好转。高血压病史13年，服用厄贝沙坦片与非洛地平缓释片，血压控制可；冠心病病史13年，规律服用丹参滴丸治疗，偶有胸痛、胸闷发作。查体：身高156cm，体重51kg。关于该患者降糖治疗方案，叙述错误的是（）

A、二甲双胍与罗格列酮联用可引起低血糖

B、用此方案期间应严密监测患者心脏功能

C、二甲双胍最常见的不良反应是乳酸性酸中毒

D、患者近期血糖升高可能与感染有关

E、二甲双胍常见胃肠道不良反应

F、罗格列酮禁用于纽约心脏病学会心功能分级为Ⅲ或Ⅳ级的心力衰竭患者

共用题干First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin. Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

共用题干
Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart Disease
More than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.
“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.
The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.
Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,
The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.
Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.
Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.
______does NOT have the least effect on risk distributions.
A: Age
B: Gender
C: Race
D: Blood group

共用题干First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin. Dr. David Faxon believed that the implantable,permanent artificial heart will certainly be developed in the future.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.
There is no difference in structure between the self-contained heart and the mechanical heart.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart Disease
More than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.
“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.
The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.
Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,
The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.
Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.
Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.
Dr. Daniel and Dr. Nathan suggest reducing the risk of overall population by_______.
A:losing weight
B: aggressive treatment measures
C: public health strategies
D:Both B and C

共用题干
Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart Disease
More than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.
“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.
The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.
Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,
The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.
Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.
Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.
Which of the following statements is NOT right?
A:The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U.S.adult.
B: Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.
C: Women have a higher risk of heart disease than man.
D: The distribution of the risk of heart disease are hardly related to race.

共用题干
Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart Disease
More than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.
“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.
The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.
Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,
The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.
Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.
Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.
What's the percentage that 15%of the U.S.adults had a risk of developing heart disease in the next 1 0 years?
A: About 3%.
B:Less than 10%.
C: Between10%～20%.
D: Above 20%.

共用题干
Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart Disease
More than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.
“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.
The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.
Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,
The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.
Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.
Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.
According to the Journal of the American College of Cardiology,_______of the U.S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease above 20 percent in the next 10 years.
A: three percent
B:ten percent
C:twenty percent
D: eighty-two percent

心血管循环系统疾病是目前除癌症以外最危险的致死疾病。心脏病发作、中风、血栓形成——没有其他死因像心血管循环系统损伤那样在德国夺走了如此多的生命。德国今年约有近40万人死于心血管循环系统疾病,几乎占全部死亡病例的一半。心性死亡是从天而降的吗?它是让人无可奈何的厄运吗?绝对不是!德国心脏病学协会理事赖纳.迪茨等专家断言,尽管一些家庭有多人患心血管循环系统疾病,但只有1%的病人是由于遗传原因而发病的。迪

A．心血管循环系统疾病对人们的正常生存产生了极大的危害，有人怀疑这种疾病是一种人类无法扼抑的天灾。文章借迪茨的话明白地告诉人们，后天的因素才是这类疾病的主要诱因

B．心血管循环系统是目前最危险的疾病之一，因心血管系统受损致死的病人几乎占同期死亡病例的一半，为此，文章劝戒大家应该自律以抑制病魔的侵袭

C．因为吸烟等不良习惯会导致心肌梗塞或中风等心血管疾病的发生，文章借迪茨的话来警示大家，为了自己的身体健康，应该远离香烟

D．心血管循环系统疾病严重地威胁了人类的生存，尤其在德国，心血管疾病的发病率特别高。面对大众的恐慌，迪茨明确表示，这类疾病尽管可怕，却还是可以通过努力来战胜它的

心血管循环系统疾病是目前除癌症以外最危险的致死疾病。心脏病发作、中风、血栓形成——没有其他死因像心血管循环系统损伤那样在德国夺走了如此多的生命。德国今年约有近40万人死于心血管循环系统疾病，几乎占全部死亡病例的一半。心性死亡是从天而降的吗？它是让人无可奈何的厄运吗？绝对不是!德国心脏病学协会理事赖纳？迪茨等专家断言，尽管一些家庭有多人患心血管循环系统疾病，但只有1%的病人是由于遗传原因而发病的。迪茨说：“能自律并且遵循一些良好生活习惯的人到75岁都不会患上心肌梗塞或中风。”

文章引用德国专家迪茨的话，意在说明()。

A．心血管循环系统疾病对人们的正常生存产生了极大的危害，有人怀疑这种疾病是一种人类无法扼抑的天灾。文章借迪茨的话明白地告诉人们，后天的因素才是这类疾病的主要诱因

B．心血管循环系统是目前最危险的疾病之一，因心血管系统受损致死的病人几乎占同期死亡病例的一半，为此，文章劝戒大家应该自律以抑制病魔的侵袭

C．因为吸烟等不良习惯会导致心肌梗塞或中风等心血管疾病的发生，文章借迪茨的话来警示大家，为了自己的身体健康，应该远离香烟

D．心血管循环系统疾病严重地威胁了人类的生存，尤其在德国，心血管疾病的发病率特别高。面对大众的恐慌，迪茨明确表示，这类疾病尽管可怕，却还是可以通过努力来战胜它的

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