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Many people think a telephone is essential. But I think it is a pest and a time waster. Very often you find it impossible to escape from some idle or inquisitive chatter-box, or from somebody who wants something for nothing. If you have a telephone in your own house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you least want it to ring; when you are asleep, or in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out , or when you are in your bath. Are you strong-minded enough to ignore it, to say to yourself, "Ah, well it will all be the same in a hundred year"s time?" You are not. You think there may be some important news or message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Have you never rushed dripping from the bath, or chewing from the tab]e, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number?But you will say, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only usable for outgoing calls. Besides, you will say, isn"t it important to have a telephone in case of sudden emergency--illness, accident, or fire? Of course, you are right, but here in a thickly populated country like England one is seldom far from a telephone in case of dreadful necessity.I think perhaps I had better try to justify myself by trying to prove that what I like is good. I admit that in different circumstances--if I were a tycoon(实业界巨头) , for instance, or bed-ridden I might find a telephone essential. But then if I were a taxi-driver I should find a car essential. Let me put it another way: there are two things for which the English seem to show particular aptitude: one is mechanical invention, the other is literature. My own business happens to be with the use of words but I see I must now stop using them. For have just been handed a slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to me on the telephone. I think I had better answer it. After all, one never knows, it may be something important.What does the work "pest" in the second sentence of the first paragraph mean? ()A.Harmful thing.B.Insignificant thing.C.Troublesome thingD.Trivial thing

20世纪30年代后期,中国在经济上经历了从为全国的抗日战争作准备向建立战时经济体制的转变。阅读下列材料:

材料一 1935年前后,国民政府加强了对四川、云贵等地区的主要工业资源的调查和开发,陆续将东部沿海地区的军工企业西迁,并停办、调整了一些军工企业,改善设备,统一制式,增加生产。政府还进一步整修旧公路,修筑新公路,开辟航空线。1936年通过的1937年度军费预算,在普通军费预算4.12亿元的基础上,增加了国防建设专款2.22亿元,使整个国防预算达到6.34亿元。总之,国民政府的抗战准备,在一定程度上为以后的全国抗战创造了有利条件。

材料二 全国抗战开始后,国民政府开始实行平时经济向战时经济转轨。从1938年起,国民政府对庞杂的经济行政机构进行大规模调整,把所有经济机构都定位于为战争服务,逐步使经济行政机构集中归行政院管辖。各主要经济管理部门出台了一系列经济统制措施。与此同时,政府组织和支持东部沿海地区的一批民营企业内迁。截止1938年底,迁到大后方的工厂达304家。这一大规模的内迁被誉为中国实业界的壮举。

——以上材料摘编自支绍曾主编《中国抗日战争史》

完成下列要求:

(1)据材料一,概括国民政府在经济上为抗战所作的准备。

(2)据材料二,指出国民政府为抗战所采取的新的经济举措。