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Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.

Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools inFrance,Egypt,Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward fromAmerica.

The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, sinceU.S.schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.

Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.

In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, whenCambridgeUniversityappointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”

Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.

62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?

A. Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from theU.S.

B. A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.

C. American universities are enrolling more international students.

D. University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.

八倍的辛劳2005年3月访问过我国的美国女国务卿赖斯,其奋斗史颇有传奇色彩,短短20多年,她就从一个备受歧视的黑人女孩成为著名的外交官员,奇迹般地完成了从丑小鸭到白天鹅的转变。有人问她成功的秘诀,她简明扼要地说,因为我付出了“八倍的辛劳”。赖斯小的时候,美国的种族歧视还很严重,特别是在她生活的伯明翰,黑人地位低下,处处受白人欺压。赖斯十岁时全家到首都游览,因为身份是黑人,不能进入白宫参观。小赖斯倍感羞辱,凝神远望白宫良久,然后回身一字一顿地告诉父亲,总有一天我会成为那房子的主人!赖斯的父母很赞赏她的志向,就经常向她灌输这样的思想:改善黑人状况的最好办法就是取得非凡的成就,如果你拿出双倍的劲头往前冲,或许能赶上白人的一半;如果你愿意付出四倍的辛劳,就得以跟白人并驾齐驱;如果你愿意付出八倍的辛劳,就一定能赶在白人的前头。为了能“赶在白人的前头”,她数十年如一日,以超过白人“八倍的辛劳”发奋学习,积累知识,增长才干。普通美国白人只会讲英语,她则除了母语外还精通俄语、法语、西班牙语;经过努力,她考进了名校——哈佛大学,拿到博士学位;普通美国白人26岁可能研究生还没有读完,她已经是斯坦福大学最年轻的教授,随后又出任了斯坦福大学历史上最年轻的教务长;普通美国白人大多不会弹钢琴,可她不仅精于此道,而且还曾获得美国青少年钢琴大赛第一名;此外,她还精心学习了网球、花样滑冰、芭蕾舞、礼仪。白人能做到的她都要做到,白人做不到的她也要做到。普通美国白人可能只知道遥远的俄罗斯是一个寒冷的国家,她却是美国国内数一数二的俄罗斯武器控制问题的权威。天道酬勤,“八倍的辛劳”带来了“八倍的成就”,她终于脱颖而出,一飞冲天。赖斯的故事对你有何启发?

《鲁迅自传》不足千字,我们却能从中看到作者几十年的经历,这与作者善于选材,详略安排得当有关。读了“自传”后,说说在作者几十年经历中,哪些详写,哪些略写,表现了怎样的特点。我于一八八一年生于浙江省绍兴府城里的一家姓周的家里。父亲是读书的;母亲姓鲁,乡下人,她以自修得到能够看书的学力。听人说,在我幼小时候,家里还有四五十亩水田,并不很愁生计。但到我十三岁时,我家忽而遭了一场很大的变故,几乎什么也没有了;我寄住在一个亲戚家里,有时还被称为乞食者。我于是决心回家,而我底父亲又生了重病,约有三年多,死去了。我渐至于连极少的学费也无法可想;我底母亲便给我筹办了一点旅费,教我去寻无需学费的学校去,因为我总不肯学做幕友或商人,——这是我衰落了的读书人家子弟所常走的两条路。其时我是十八岁,便旅行到南京,考入水师学堂了,分在机关科。大约过了半年,我又走出,改进矿路学堂去学开矿,毕业之后,即被派往日本去留学。但待到在东京的预备学校毕业,我已经决意要学医了。原因之一是因为我确知道了新的医学对于日本维新有很大的助力。我于是进了仙台(Sendai)医学专门学校,学了两年。这时正值俄日战争,我偶然在电影上看见一个中国人因做侦探而将被斩,因此又觉得在中国医好几个人也无用,还应该有较为广大的运动……先提倡新文艺。我便弃了学籍,再到东京,和几个朋友立了些小计划,但都陆续失败了。我又想往德国去,也失败了。终于,因为我底母亲和几个别的人很希望我有经济上的帮助,我便回到中国来;这时我是二十九岁。我一回国,就在浙江杭州的两级师范学堂做化学和生理学教员,第二年就走出,到绍兴中学堂去做教务长,第三年又走出,没有地方可去,想在一个书店去做编译员,到底被拒绝了。但革命也就发生,绍兴光复后,我做了师范学校的校长。革命政府在南京成立,教育部长招我去做部员,移入北京;后来又兼做北京大学,师范大学,女子师范大学的国文系讲师。到一九二六年,有几个学者到段祺瑞政府去告密,说我不好,要捕拿我,我便因了朋友林语堂的帮助逃到厦门,去做厦门大学教授,十二月走出,到广东做了中山大学教授,四月辞职,九月出广东,一直住在上海。我在留学时候,只在杂志上登过几篇不好的文章。初做小说是一九一八年,因为一个朋友钱玄同的劝告,做来登在《新青年》上的。这时才用“鲁迅”的笔名(Pen-name);也常用别的名字做一点短论。现在汇印成书的有两本短篇小说集:《呐喊》,《彷徨》。一本论文,一本回忆记,一本散文诗,四本短评。别的,除翻译不计外,印成的又有一本《中国小说史略》,和一本编定的《唐宋传奇集》。一九三。年五月十六日